What are the shibboleths of ignorance about Islam?

I’ve been getting a lot of tweets lately about talk of a ban on the so-called burqa in France, the latest chapter in the long saga of the French obsession with what Muslim women wear on their heads (Muslim responses: 1, 2. I’m sure I’m not the only Muslim who gets annoyed at the tiresome use of the term “burka”, a term almost never used within the community to refer to the garment under discussion here. The term actually refers to the all-in-one “shuttlecock” garment worn by Pashtun women in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and separately to the mask consisting of cloth over metal, worn by some women in the Emirates. The niqab, which is the veil with the headband, usually with layers so that the woman can cover or expose her eyes while leaving the rest of her face covered, is not the same thing as the burqa.

This is a classic shibboleth: a practice, or a manner of speaking, which gives away something about someone. Historically, the term meant a pronunciation which gave away the tribal background of the speaker, and you can read about the origin of the term here. Whenever you see someone talk about the burqa, or burka as it’s commonly spelled, in reference to Muslim women in virtually any country except Afghanistan, Pakistan and the UAE, you know that this person doesn’t know much about what he’s talking about and quite possibly doesn’t care.

What other examples of such give-aways have you come across? What are the things which, when you hear them said, you think that this guy’s a know-nothing or an Islamophobe?

Update: One I just saw by “habibi” at Harry’s Place:

Perhaps the MCB could enlighten us on the religious aspect? I can’t find a mandate for the burqa in the Qur’an.

“It’s not in the Qur’an” … but it doesn’t mean it’s not part of Islam (I’m not talking about the burqa specifically here, just about the use of this excuse to de-legitimise Muslim customs).

Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...

Possibly Related Posts:


FacebookTwitterIdenti.caDeliciousDiggStumbleUponWordPressShare
Islam, Media, Niqab (face-covering)Permalink
  • http://imuslim.tv iMuslim

    My favourite - just because it’s SO ridiculous - is that Muslims actually worship a moon god, and not the one true God worshipped by Jews and Christians.

  • Tia

    You know that someone has no knowledge of Islam when they consider forced marriage to be an Islamic practice, or when they completely ignore the fact that the Prophet (pbuh)’s first wife was a successful businesswoman 15 years his senior.

    Also if they see inter-racial marriage as an un-Islamic practice when it is actually encouraged: Maria the Copt, one of the wives of the Prophet (pbuh), was a black Egyptian slave.

  • Thersites

    “The niqab…is not the same thing as the burqa.” But the purpose and effect of both is so similar that it doesn’t much matter except to pedants. Each is a classic shibboleth: a practice which gives away something about someone.

  • http://www.blogistan.co.uk/blog/ Indigo Jo

    Well, it doesn’t seem like pedantry to me, given the mass of literature available online which talks about the niqab, and I’ve never seen it referred to as the burqa (however you spell it) in that literature.

  • http://www.blogistan.co.uk/blog/ Indigo Jo

    iMuslim: not sure that qualifies, because it’s a particular cranky theory espoused by a fringe minority. It’s not as if you hear people talk about “the Muslim moon god” or anything like that all the time in the media. I was really talking about words or phrases which make you think “this guy doesn’t know what he’s talking about” when you hear them.

  • hello

    My fav: How Islam from day one was about extreminating Jews and Muslims hate Jews- leaving aside the millions of Jews who lived and found sanctuary in Muslim lands for hundreds of years and the fact that Kosher is the only non Muslim meat we can eat and Jewish women along with Christians the only non Muslim women we can marry

    Basically its transferance - Christian guilt for anti-semitism and the holocaust can be fobbed of on Muslims and zionists can play along to justify stealing Palestine

    To add to Tia’s list about forced marriage- when they thing FGM and Honor killings or killing civilians are Islamic

  • hello

    I agree when a President calling for its banning makes such an error (how many Afghan women in Burqas are there in France ?) it isnt pedantry to point out the error or its stupidity

  • Thersites

    “Well, it doesn’t seem like pedantry to me” That’s because you’re interested in the small differences between them, not what they have in common.

  • George Carty

    It’s not exactly a signifier of Islamophobia, but I have a bee in my bonnet about people who stress the first syllable of “Allah”.

  • http://www.tasmiya.com Tasmiya

    “Hajeeb” And now that George Carty mentions it, yes. That one annoys me too.

  • Umm Ahmed

    My one is Muhammadism or Islam is spread by the Sword.

  • http://johnrj08.wordpress.com/ johnrj08

    I think this amounts to quibbling over terminology that boils down to an attempt to deflect the real issue. Whether you call it a burka, burqa, niqab or hijab, it’s still symbolic of a mentality which dictates that women must cover themselves in public.

    The burka, or whatever, is a cultural imperative, not religious, that pre-dates Islam. It goes back to the time when Sultan’s took many very young wives. These child-brides made the bearded old husbands jealous and very insecure, so they covered their wives in veils in order to discourage any extra-marital temptations.

    The burka is symbolic of this male insecurity that has been deeply embedded in Mideastern cultures for many centuries. Women are born temptresses who would be harlots if they weren’t controlled absolutely by their husbands. There is no other reason to wear these oppressive, black garments in the withering heat of the Mideast.

    The fact that a few Muslim woman living outside the Mideast insist on covering themselves is irrelevant. A lifelong slave will refuse to remove his manacles because he may have become content in his servitude or simply fear a beating by his master. Either way, it is the only life that he knows. That does not mean that manacles should be accepted as optional clothing in a free society, which is what France happens to be.

    Wearing a burka is an archaic cultural phenomenon that is symbolic of the oppression of women in male dominated societies that would make them second class citizens.

  • Safia

    Salaam alaikum,

    Well whatever anyone wants to say about the US, at least they don’t spend tax dollars establishing a commission to investigate the burqa. Good Lord, it’s amusing how the French eat that stuff up. And you would never come close to getting the hijab banned here either in public schools (speaking of a real free society), no matter what anyone’s personal opinion is on covering. On the matter of women’s dress at least, I wish both these European and Muslim countries (some who go the other extreme to force hijab) would take the lead from the US.

  • http://johnrj08.wordpress.com/ johnrj08

    I think France faces a more difficult challenge with this issue than the US. In the US, most Muslims have fully integrated into the society and they’re not living in separate communities within the country. My city has a large Pakistani and Iranian population which are quite ‘Americanized’. While we see women in burqas all the time, we also see them as neighbors rather than just Muslims. In France, a large percentage of the Muslim population has been ghettoized, and there is a big unemployment problem. A couple of years ago, there were major riots in that country that spread outside of the Muslim areas. I think the French may be reacting to a Muslim community which has a penchant for turning violent and appears to want to exist as a separate Islamic state within their country.

  • Eudaemonion

    Funnily enough John, while highlighting the patriarchy of the pre-Islamic bearded sultans (royals in a tribal society, hmm!) forcing the ‘burqa’ on their child brides because of sexual jealousy (Orientalism anyone?), you yourself, and the French state with you, have expressed a paternalistic urge to determine what is NOT appropriate clothing for women. Of course, you rationalise this by conflating the ‘burqa’ with slavery and manacles and have then gone to opine that a ‘free society’ is in the business of regulating ostensibly optional clothing choices.

  • http://www,drmaxtor.blogspott.com DrM

    Eudaemonion sums my thoughts on the issue, especially the racism and lies which John and ilk routinely use in their orientalist straw man arguments. Of course these are the same old refuted arguments of a dying culture trying to relive its glory days as an empire. You’d think a country like France would have more pressing issues(their economy, perhaps) then the few woman who wear burqa. I’m not surprised because France is most racist country in Europe, and on top of that their “leader” is a former Mossad agent. A “free society” which won’t allow woman to wear as she wants. I think its high time that such “western culture” be sent packing back the cesspool it emerged from.

  • http://johnrj08.wordpress.com/ johnrj08

    I’ve not stated any personal point of view about how I think women should dress here, although I do think that they will eventually choose not to cover themselves unless men start doing it, too. I think the French president was commenting on the burqa because, like it or not, it has become symbolic of the oppression of women in the Islamic world, particularly with what is happening in Iran. Lots of pretentious erudition, Eudaemonion, but no substance. Accusing someone of lying or being a racist is so easy, especially here in an anonymous forum. Such bravery. I understand that it’s much more difficult for you to face up to the issue, and I think that “western culture” is considerably more introspective and tougher on itself than many other cultures. That’s because of the freedoms we enjoy, our pluralistic society, and our willingness to admit when we have been wrong. That’s why American culture has changed so much just in last the 50 years. I’m not seeing any such introspection or soul searching here. It sounds to me like some of you are in denial here.

  • Old Pickler

    “A “free society” which won’t allow woman to wear as she wants.” Or what her husband, father or brothers will beat/kill her for not wearing.

    We wouldn’t allow a Klu Klux Klan outfit, so why allow the niqab?

  • Eudaemonion

    There’s some improvement right there John. You actually make a distinction between individual CHOICE, and government fiat. I commend you for it.

    As for accusing you of racism or dishonesty, I didn’t accuse you as much as I pointed out the particularly shallow knowledge you have of clothing and the cultural mores of Middle-Easterners and Muslims.

    Firstly, the black shrouded women you have in your minds eye are predominantly from the Gulf Countries; Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, UAE, etc. Elementary geography will tell you that these countries are only a small part of the wider Middle East. Travel North, or West, and you will see tremendous changes in style, colour cut and manner of dress that has very little to do with the black shrouded women shibboleth you’ve got going.

    I gather you have an issue with the idea of a women covering her hair with the Hijab, let alone the Iranian chador, the Niqab, or the subcontinental Burqa. John, you’ve gone and imposed a narrative of oppression on the cultural mores of garments from your enlightened, introspective Western perspective. You’ve gone and passed judgment on garments that you have not worn, nor have you consulted those who wear them. In fact, you’ve openly stated that women who might willingly wear such clothing suffer from slavery, which makes for a neat way of sidestepping those women who willingly wear such clothing.

    You then protest when the charge of Orientalism is thrown at you. Please John.

    There is nothing especially introspective about Western ‘Culture’. Of course, what little superficial introspection that does occur is by virtue of the political freedoms Western Countries afford themselves, virtues not afforded to the majority of the Muslim world for very obvious reasons.

  • LeedsLad

    Personally, those who wear the Burqa and Niqab are anti-Allah if their main aim is to hide the body which Allah had bestowed upon them. I read a case of a woman in that mad Saudi Arabia requesting a divorce purely for the main reason that her husband saw her face. Is Allah’s face that ugly?

    Muslims cannot progress as long as they choose to quibble over frivolous issues rather than getting on with their lives. We should contribute more to understanding of Allah in science and technology, and not endless discourse over pieces of cloths worn by peoples whose IQ is far away form the norm.

    I can’t help but notice a lot of Muslim women wearing one too many cloths in a hot sunny day like it is today, and that is just not fair. They are sweating and dizzy to the point where one notices the sudden slow pace they choose to take when one comes under the shade of trees just to prolong comfort.

    What is wrong with long cotton skirts and shirts instead of these cheap Chinese nylon pyjamas/jilbabs?

  • Phil

    “The burka, or whatever, is a cultural imperative, not religious, that pre-dates Islam. It goes back to the time when Sultan’s took many very young wives. ” Something interesting about the word sultan

    “The title of sultan came to prominence around 1000 C.E.,”

    So you just shot yourself in the foot. And its predating Islam is irrelevant, the issue is if it is fard or not.

  • http://diablog.sohaibsaeed.com Sohaib

    How about “the hardline Wahhabi-Ikwani-Salafi-Deobandi sects”? Hat tip to Mr Hergey for that one today, ranting about “the non-koranic burka” in the Times letters page.

  • http://johnrj08.wordpress.com/ johnrj08

    “Sultan” is an Arabic abstract noun meaning “authority”, or “rulership”. While the first person to be called a sultan probably lived in the 10th century, the generic meaning of the term is clear in the Mideast — a king or prince.

    Again, the issue with the burqa is a symbolic one. Many traditions call for the covering of the head and body. Catholic nuns wear habits. Amish women have strict clothing standards as well. It’s not a question of wanting to control women by forbidding them to wear their cultural garments. It’s a matter of what those garments represent in a modern world that is struggling with Islamic extremism and traditionalized misogyny. If Muslim women were raised to believe that wearing a niqab, hijab or burqa was solely their choice, rather than their husband’s or father’s, the tradition would probably die out in a generation. But it won’t as long as men as doing the enforcing.

  • Thersites

    “I’m not the only Muslim who gets annoyed at the tiresome use of the term “burka”, a term almost never used within the community to refer to the garment under discussion here.” MPACUK is one part of the “community” that uses it with that meaning: http://www.mpacuk.org/content/view/5777/102/

  • Louis

    Eudaemonion & DrM: “Of course these are the same old refuted arguments of a dying culture trying to relive its glory days as an empire.”

    Do you really believe things like this? By that I mean do you actually, in your heart of honest hearts, think that when a committee assigned by the government to research these issues and make recommendations (including…might i add…muslims)think in any way about the glory days of empire? It is such a heartbreakingly weak defense. Why not simply argue the issues?

    There are some very simple questions here, that it seems you must answer in any honest debate on the subject (rather than simply dragging out such tired arguments that skirt the tough decisions):

    Do you think that in EVERY instance of a Muslim woman wearing ANY kind of headscarf/veil, it is a pure, unadulterated personal choice?

    Do you deny that there are areas in the UK where removing these garments would bring them at least a degree of shame in their immediate community, not to mention the threat of violence?

    Assuming you think there might at the very least be ONE case…what should be done about protecting the individual rights of those who do not feel comfortable removing it but want to do so?

    The French law in no ways bans the hijab or anything else in any other public place other than primary and secondary school (where, arguably, girls at this age are at the most risk of being intimidated). There is not a public university in the land where it is banned.

    What is it exactly that you suggest with regards to those who might not feel this ‘personal choice’?

  • http://eudaemonion.wordpress.com/ Eudaemonion

    Louis, I’ve no idea where you got this ‘relive its glory days as an empire’ shtick from. I certainly said no words to that effect, let alone believe that some pointless committee, somewhere in that bureaucratic cesspool that is French Government, was tasked to consider said issue.

    Now, to answer your questions.

    No, I do not believe that every instance of women wearing a Burqa is motivated by pure, unadulterated personal choice. I would contend that, where a women IS motivated by pure choice, she would be in the minority. I would think that the majority of Hijab wearing women do so because of its cultural import rather than because of any religious reason. Those devout women would also be in the minority.

    I do NOT deny there might be areas where removing these garments would lead to shame, the withdrawal of social acceptance, and even the threat of violence. There is nothing illegal about a group of people placing conditions on social acceptance, and using ostracism as a tool of enforcing group uniformity. That is normal human behaviour. Threats of violence, however, should be handled by the proper legal means, with the individual in question taking the appropriate steps to ensure their safety.

    For those cases where individuals do not wish to wear the burqa, then they are perfectly free to take it off over there in the UK (I’m in Australia). That is their fundamental right. What is not their right is the continuation of social or familial acceptance to which she was accustomed, of which the burqa was a condition.

    Many Muslim women do not feel this choice already, and walk around everyday, getting on with their lives, without so much as a worry. I would suggest those who wish to emulate their example.

  • Thersites

    “There is nothing illegal about a group of people placing conditions on social acceptance, and using ostracism as a tool of enforcing group uniformity. “

    Which is precisely what the French government proposes to do to people who hide their faces.

  • http://johnrj08.wordpress.com/ johnrj08

    If the women living within any Muslim community were free to question religious authority and its accompanying ‘cultural’ imperatives, and they still chose to cover themselves, then that would be a difficult thing to criticize. However, many Muslim countries don’t permit the kind of questioning or free thinking that might lead to the choice not to wear a burqa. In fact, many Muslim girls grow up in complete ignorance, having been denied an education or any access to the outside world. So their choice to wear the burqa is clouded by very real oppression, which carries over into their adult lives. They wear the burqa because they’ve been told all their lives that that’s what they have to do or they risk serious consequences. The decision is not an informed choice at all. Again, after a while, they will become content in their manacles, and some may even fight to keep them on.

    As for the French president’s statement, he obviously sees the burqa as a symbol of the repression of women in Islamic societies and that it is a tradition which is designed to prevent young Muslim girls from fully integrating into French society. The burqa is their constant reminder that they’re not part of the country in which they are living, while it suggests at the same time that those who don’t wear a burqa are somehow less pure and corrupt. In a world without Islamic extremism and terrorism, the wearing of such garments probably wouldn’t be an issue at all for Sarkhozy, but that’s not the world that any of us lives in.

    The bottom line is that the wearing of niqabs, hijabs and burqas is based upon the notion that the sight of a woman’s hair and flesh is a temptation which promotes impure thoughts and acts by men who cannot be held responsible for their actions. The woman is inherently a vessel of evil who cannot be trusted, so she is covered and sequestered. This is most definitely not a religiously mandated tradition. But it does come straight from the male clerics and mullahs who have ruled Muslim communities for centuries. The first Muslim women to cover themselves certainly didn’t do so out of their own volition.

  • http://akramsrazor.typepad.com svend

    Where to begin? Off the top of my head, two particularly reliable indices of abject ignorance are the frequent resort to the highly nebulous and debated concept of “Islamofascism” and the knee-jerk demonization of CAIR. In both cases, the self-proclaimed critic is invariably either utterly devoid of firsthand knowledge or so palpably and irremediably biased that their analysis is worthless.

  • Louis

    Eudaemonion, the ‘glory days as an empire’ came from DrM above, who said you ‘summed up’ his thoughts on the issue. Granted, I shouldn’t have lumped you in with him. While I accept these aren’t your views, I might still say that I was not trying to suggest that there had been a committee put together to address the issue of empire (as you seem to think I was saying). I was referring to the committee led by Bernard Stasi (which included muslims) that was set up to investigate the well established concept of laicite in France, and make recommendations to the government, which subsequently led to the 2004 law on religious symbols in schools.

    DrM’s comments reflect a worryingly widespread (false) narrative that pits a ‘racist’ white French electorate against an undifferentiated group of ‘Muslims’ who oppose it. Such thinking is not merely untrue (there is a huge number of Muslims in France who support the ban, this is fact), it could not be more unhelpful.

    Your arguments I must say are equally dubious. Firstly, “for those cases where individuals do not wish to wear the burqa, then they are perfectly free to take it off over there in the UK”. This is pie in the sky! On what planet do you live? While ‘taking the appropriate steps to ensure their safety’ when faced with violence all sounds very nice, it has no grounding in reality. The fact is that many women are not free to take it off (without the threat of violence or the prospect of complete isolation from her only community). I publicly debated a number of male muslim students over and over again at Leicester University, who openly spoke of their perceived ‘right’ to beat their sisters and relatives who unveiled (please note, I am by no means suggesting this is mandated within Islam or that it is reflective of all muslims, I’m simply trying to point out that there is a very real culture of oppression that exists within many muslim communities in the UK, and it needs desperately to be addressed).

    A behaviour’s cultural import says nothing whatsoever of its right to exist. The notion that it lies beyond criticism, or that it is the business of those who practice it and has nothing to do with meddling outsiders, is (fortunately) not one that is given much credence in secular states. The ‘cesspool’ of Western culture aside, the French state has a duty to combat the erosion of its own values. It did not just ban headscarves, it banned ALL religious symbols in public schools.

    There is also an important point to be made about the connection of the foulard islamique as they referred to it in France, and the rise of islamic fundamentalism within France. During the violent attempt by the Algerian government in the 1990s to purge armed fundamentalist swathes from the country, many of these radicals sought refuge in France. There is a direct correlation between the rise of organisations such as the Islamic Salvation Front (FSI) and Conseil Europ’een des Fatwas et de la Recherche and the increase in the number of women wearing a headscarf of some kind. The latter would make declarations such as ‘We are determined to convince Muslim women that covering her head is a religious obligation. God has prescribed this modest dress for the Muslim woman so that she can be distinguished from the non-Muslim woman’.

    The defense of the veil in schools is but a small part of the overall educational agenda of some of these groups within France, and each appeasement by the French state is a bridge to the next. The state in Western countries has a duty to oppose such moves, and to protect where it can against women who may the victims of oppression within their communities.

    Now, while none of this may tie in to your own feelings on the subject, painting a pretty picture of a world in which people are ‘perfectly free’ to act as they wish simply does not wash.

  • http://deleted Thersites

    “male muslim students… who openly spoke of their perceived ‘right’ to beat their sisters and relatives who unveiled” Forbidding the veil- or whatever absurdity they think properly islamic- could give such people more power however; rather than allow their womenfolk out improperly dressed they might not allow them out at all.

  • Goolam Dawood

    I think its a bit pedantic to call the Burqa a “shuttlecock”, but the niqaab the good cultural practice because its transmitted from a differet culture. Critiquing the word is not exactly a commentary on the practice. A French pancake is a crepe. Different but ultimately the same.