Bidisha and feminist language policing

Sluts and sweethearts | Life and style | The Guardian

Yesterday I saw an article by feminist novelist and arts commentator Bidisha promoting a feminist language-policing site called Name It, Change It which presents a pyramid of misogynistic language, with “severe misogyny” at the top and common, supposedly sexist language at the bottom. What sticks out is that, while much of the language cited is obviously very offensive, other words are mixed in which aren’t, or may not be depending on who is using them and in what spirit and what context. She claims that it represents “men’s creativity” in coining terms to degrade women; many of them probably weren’t coined for any such purpose, if at all.

It’s obviously an American website; the form for reporting sexist incidents in the media, for example, require you to give what American state or region you’re in, and was intended to expose sexist commentary in the media regarding female candidates in US elections. So, calling a female candidate “attractive”, a judgement on her appearance which is totally irrelevant to her politics, but is this really confined to female candidates? In the recent election, much of the criticism of Gordon Brown centred on his poor communication abilities and John Major was widely caricatured as a dull man in a grey suit, so it’s not just the women although, for reasons I’ll explain later, there are reasons why women’s appearance gets criticised in the media more than men’s. I followed the links, through the Women’s Media Center to an article in the Washington Post which covers NICI’s campaign, and is linked to a video calling a Democratic candidate a “mama grizzly”.

Bidisha totally ignores the whole context of the website and treats it as if it were about denouncing these words in everyday usage as sexist. Her commentary has typically been along the lines that many, if not most, men hate women and that women’s lives are one long battle against this hatred (see here for a recent example). To someone with this mentality, practically any word which has any gendered connotations is going to be insulting to women. Take the inclusion of “girl”. Of course, that can be used as a put-down, much as “boy” can to a man, although “girl” is used more commonly. However, a lot of women refer to women their own age or younger as “girls”, probably just because they have been doing so since they were growing up when their contemporaries actually were girls.

A year or so ago, Shahidah Siraaj wrote about an incident in which a Black woman came to her workplace looking for a job, and commented, “Oh, you’re all girls! That’s wonderful”, and after she had gone, the supervisor insisted that she not be hired because “it was obvious she didn’t understand the feminist leaning of the organization”. This may or may not have been an excuse — the supervisor said she preferred to hire a Latina, and perhaps she just didn’t like the interviewee — but it is one particular view common among white feminists which doesn’t hold true for everyone and especially not to Black American women who, as Shahidah said, used it as a term of endearment. I commented that, in my experience, white women use it all the time as well and there are numerous examples of groups of women being called girls: Golden Girls, Indigo Girls, Spice Girls and so on. I have often used “the girls” to refer to my female cousins (all but one of them adults) without any objection.

Similarly, “babe” has its place — as a term of affection from one partner to another — but it doesn’t have one in the workplace; but it’s just as annoying when used from a female member of staff to a more junior male, as I have often encountered while working as a driver (and having spoken to other men, many of them find it annoying also). Over-familiarity is generally off-putting and intimidating, because it relies on the person using it having a position of power that the person spoken to doesn’t. I don’t dispute that women experience this more than men do, but it does happen the other way round.

“Comments about a woman’s appearance”, in the context of a political campaign (and when the woman’s appearance is not outrageous), are inappropriate as already acknowledged, but since Bidisha seems to think that the reference is to such comments generally, one might ask why they happen. The simple answer is that women have more choice in what to wear to any formal or work-related occasion than a man does, so there is simply more to talk about. Some of the papers where this happens are mostly read by women, who it is assumed will be interested in discussing the merits of this or that outfit. When men get it drastically wrong, such as Michael Foot with his “donkey jacket” disaster at a Remembrance Day wreath-laying ceremony in 1981, it can be terribly damaging for them. For men, the standard dress for any “sitting-down” work and any formal occasion is a suit, usually with a tie.

A couple of years ago, I was sent for what I was told was a certain job at an air-conditioning company here in New Malden, and my agency told me that I should wear a shirt and tie, so I did. When I arrived, I noticed that, while all the men were buttoned-up, the women were wearing pretty much what they like, much of it not looking very formal at all and a lot it was quite revealing. I personally find shirts and ties dreadfully uncomfortable and they remind me of my much-hated school uniforms, so I found it galling that anything went as far as women’s dress in that office was concerned. However, however much it goes on in the media, it actually isn’t polite to criticise what a woman wears (particularly for a man), even if the dress is plainly inappropriate. I have previously told about my experience of trying to keep my eyes off a middle-aged woman’s body as she tried to sell me a computer at the Linux Expo; a lot of feminine clothing (as opposed to clothing that’s just made for women) is very revealing, with cleavage being pretty much universal at the moment (these maxi dresses are a case in point), even for older women that it just doesn’t suit. It can be pretty embarrassing.

So, it’s not all about misogyny. I’d dispute that, any time you hear a man talk disrespectfully of a woman, you can assume that he actually hates or even despises women; it’s more likely that he is just inclined to talk disrespectfully about anyone. I’ve often heard women say that they find men easier to talk to, but how they talk when there aren’t “ladies present” is another matter. As for some of the other terms (bitch, ice queen etc.), they sometimes reflect the fact that we regard different types of behaviour as becoming of a woman than what we find acceptable in a man; this has caused problems for women in positions of authority and we can debate how fair each case of this may be but again, it is not the same as hating women generally. Besides completely misunderstanding what the whole pyramid is for, she has followed them in mixing up unquestionably offensive language with some which is quite innocent in her quite ludicrous effort to dictate and police how people talk about women. Amid all the reactionary nonsense in the Guardian’s comments, I found this quite well-reasoned one:

We know, of course, why the Guardian publishes these articles - because they present an extreme, no holds-barred, take no prisoners opinion, and because Bidisha isn’t afraid to hold a position without diluting it, and because she’s happy to make extreme statements about how men hate women. It’s all good fodder for the blogosphere, and is bound to create a reaction. I have no doubt there’ll be hundreds of comments on this blog by the end of the day, and Bidisha will have a little tick next to her name in the editorial review for writing a “popular/provocative” talk piece. …

What Bidisha fails to appreciate or differentiate between is the use of language which may be perceived as patronising towards women (Jamie Oliver’s “girlies” comment, perhaps), or inappropriate for the situation (talking about “MILFs” in a business meeting is, I agree, not cool), and comments which are overtly sexist and stated with the intention of demeaning women. She also fails to recognise that in the real world, social interactions between men and women are varied and complicated, and people use language for a variety of reasons, sometimes without even understanding how their language affects others.

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  • africana

    very good analysis, mashAllah…i agree that the current vogue for professional women to dress as though they were on a night out, whilst the same leniency is not allowed to men, is very unprofessional.

    i think feminists do see everything as evidence of the male opporession of the female.it’s too narrow a focus and denies the complexity of our lives.

  • africana

    modesty of dress is very much a great equaliser between men and women, but unfortunately it’s become so politicised in recent years that any time you mention talk soon turns to burqa bans and oppression.

  • http://madandloud.com Maryam

    I have decided not to “lurk” if that’s alright.

    On the same vein as Africana’s comment, did anyone read the article on the (dreaded) daily mail’s web site some time back about a council sending a memo to it’s female staff reminding them to wear appropriate attire for their job roles?

    The comments that followed made me laugh so much because all of a sudden, most of the comments by females writing were crying dictatorship and oppression by the council for daring to remind it’s staff to stop dressing like they are on a night out rather than at work.

    In a so called time of equal rights and opportunity, why is it alright for women to go to work half naked but a disgrace for a man to stare? Does this not play into the hands of disrespectful men who use demeaning names?

    I agree with Africana’s last comment too. The “burqa ban” debates always becomes the standard diversion point to freedom of dress.

    Pretty funny. Maryam´s last [type] ..Muslim Womens Dress

  • http://kali-yuga.org Kamal S.

    Yusuf, my apologies for the long comment.

    This is offered in the spirit of Boyd Rice’s little quip: “I really don’t have much ill-will toward anyone these days; I just ignore the people that I dislike.”

    I don’t ignore people like Bidisha, for she is so singularly eccentrically.. different, that ignoring her is not possible. Bidisha is an intelligent and articulate commentator, but she is an ideologue: a singular, particular, and somewhat eccentric one at that.

    I could put things a bit differently, but then she would likely label me as a misogynist, if she cared to bother. Which, frankly, could hurt me a bit because I truly love women. But because I am genuinely not a misogynist, the sting would be superficial. Those women I do not love, or like, I’d rather just ignore them.

    Her writings, which when I stumble on them I do not ignore, do provide opportunity. Some of what she writes is challenging and thought provoking, so I profit from their reading. Some of what she writes - on the other hand - is puerile, though artfully so, and one with less time on his or her hands could do well to simply ignore it.

    Here is an interesting article, I like her honesty, in being lost in another culture with few referents. I have felt such things myself, as a guest among others. A certain mentality, however, does seep out from her words.

    http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-comeback-kid-whatever-happened-to-fiesty-monomonikered-teenage-author-bidisha-789126.html

    In any case, back to the article you were commenting on:

    Bidisha contends that one can spot a woman-hater by their language, but the inverse also applies, so too one can spot a man-hater by the language they use. In her own words there lies a certain subtle discourse of shaming at work, and a creative re-framing and re-contextualization of words and concepts in a way as to benefit her perspective. She who names a beast masters that beast. Public writing of this sort is persuasive and propagandistic, irrespective of what side one is on. One seeks to persuade a reading public of certain points.

    Not to class-bait where class-baiting is not due, though she is gender-baiting and thus opening up a worm can, but Bidisha’s privileges condition and influence her literary expression. I’ll leave this aside for a second. Having privileges is not criminal, but our privileges, or lack thereof, mold our perceptions of reality and this must never be forgotten

    Hate: to accuse someone of hating a group, in today’s intellectual environment, is to lob a Molotov cocktail into the discourse. Because the one thing we cannot do, in post-modern polite discourses, characterized by a liberal respect for diversity, is to hate others.

    This is, of course, unless those others who we hate lie outside the very terms of our larger collective discourse and meta-community. It is ok, under the current secular dispensation, to hate those whose beliefs are fundamentally at odds with a progressive and modern worldview. It is better yet to ignore them and pretend they do not exist. But beyond this, what of hate, within the framework of Anglosphere modern liberal diversity conscious society?

    Hate: it is the ultimate sin in post-modern Anglosphere discourses. Hate, is an emotional state, and it is contextualized into an inner act of emotional violence. To accuse someone of hate is tantamount to accusing her of heresy, in a past age. To accuse a man of woman-hate, is to almost cast him out from the circle of polite humanity. A woman hating pig is explicitly not a human thing.

    There are clear reasons women should avoid true women haters, for one they are prone towards violence towards those they hate, though it is to be noticed that the most hateful of the hateful simply scorn and ignore with incredible indifference. Hate is not the true opposite of love, rather total indifference is, for hate presupposes an emotional connection and engagement. I think that in some - and not all - contexts, the whole concept of a generic woman-hating betrays a mind uncomfortable with subtleties of human sentiment and behavior.

    Here, the exceptional is cast as the norm. The idea that millions of men who love their daughters, wives, lovers and mothers, are somehow at the same time “woman-haters” is a fundamental absurdity characterizing post-modern gender discourses. Again, not to class-bait, but my wide experience has been that these sort of sentiments tumble out of mouths of people of incredible education and privilege. Normal folk just don’t go around talking like this.

    I have noticed the most profound depths of women hating not from male misogynists, but rather from female misogynists. This is not exactly an open secret, though one may pretend to ignore it. Often women display an incredible malice towards each other in their discourses commensurate with, and even exceeding, the problematic discourses Bidisha has a problem with.

    I believe that to some degree the token misogyny she has a problem with is incredibly petty. Here is a person [*] who saw fit to lambast male critics of Sex in the City 2 as misogynists.

    Most people with a pulse admit it was a horrid and indulgent movie. I have intelligent female friends who liked it, but I view this as a vice commensurate with my liking obviously horrid male flicks. I liked Prince of Persia. It was a bad movie, so was Rambo. My enjoyment of tacky male action flicks would not cause me to shrink from the obvious fact that they suck.

    Sex in the City 2 was a vapid movie, exercising a pernicious and corrosive influence on our culture[s] (British and American) in terms of the tacky and self-indulgent, consumption oriented, vapid, vacant, empty dating and social lifestyles it encourages. Somehow that male reviewers would notice the very same things many females noticed about the movie, but have the ill sense to articulate what we all know in public reviews, does not speak to their misogyny - it speaks to their naivete.

    [* I almost wrote ‘a woman’ before my inner misogyny brake stopped me - thank Allah]

    Not every man, who one may try to label as a “woman hater,” even hates all women. Thus generically calling him “woman-hater” is specious. Many dyed in the wool misogynists are quite fond of their moms, at least. In fact often their moms encourage a more general woman-hating by pointing out that the [insert crude word Bidisha justly rails against] he is dealing with are simply unworthy of him. Many a mother has helped produce a misogynist or two. Either by her actions or by her words. What is happening is that a particular person may typically hate many women, outside of his mom or sisters anyway, and/or the female gender in the abstract.

    I find this sad and regrettable, but no more, or less, than hating men in general.

    Misogyny’s shadow is misandry, and vice versa, and we tend to notice what is inside of ourselves. Our concerns, fears, and obsessions mold the way we see the world, and influence what in reality we simply filter out and do not see.

    That said, many of the terms she points to reveal an incredible coarseness of discourse when it comes to referring to women. It is a sad world in which the only way to attack vile, crude, and vulgar discourses about particular women is to label those in the discourse as haters of women. I’ve no doubt some are, but some may only happen to hate a particular woman, who is the target of his scorn.

    An example of this principle: I have a friend who was once married to a woman of incredibly vile malice. She evidently was prone to occasionally using the word nig-er over the phone when angry at a particular black person. She doesn’t hate all black people, of course, only the ones who cut her off in traffic.

    In her defense her hate is a diffuse and equal opportunity one, and she finds scorn with many people, including - especially - her own whites. She is coarse, and vulgar - though not without her charms, including a rather wicked sense of humor. She likes many Black people more than many white people, upon whom she heaps even more scorn. Someone who didn’t know her well would assume she was a racist (and racism would have been the lest of her faults) she sincerely wasn’t racist, just very coarse in expressing a more general and fundamental hate of humanity in general.

    Perhaps many of the men the author overheard were the same, simply coarse potty mouths with a tendency to hate specific women in their lives and to express this hate in vile terms. Would it make her feel better if they expressed their hate in more sublimated terms?

    An obsession with regimenting a polite public discourse at all times is school-marmish. I use the term schoolmarm at my own risk, lest I be labeled a misogynist. I wish a polite gender neutral term expressing the sense of schoolmarm exists. It does not, so I am forced to call schoolmarmic obsessions schoolmarmish.

    Bidisha is not a milquetoast, her words can have a simmering fire and energy behind them. However Bidisha wishes for a public discourse of milquetoasts, constantly on guard lest their verbal slips reveal some latent hate in their heart, one supposes, and their tongues snipped. The Bidisha’s of the world possibly generate more real misogyny than they stem.

    One other thing to note, is that she’s defining the terms of woman hating based on her own criteria, the idea that by the simple fact of a man living in a household in which a woman does the majority of the housework such a man is a woman hater, is inchoate, particular, and a bit silly. She isn’t privy to the division of labor in that household, perhaps the man in that household performs work contributing to that household that equalizes things. How many men fall and break their backs shoveling snow or leaves off rooftops?

    She is an ideologue and a sloppy thinker, I’ve no doubt she would condemn me as a misogynist for this sentiment. However the women in my life, from my mother on down, certainly do not see things in this way.

    She or he who defines the terms of a discourse controls the discourse. The ability to imply that one hates an entire gender, simply because such a one does not perform a certain portion of domestic labor, is so specious

    I would be the first to admit that many men are lazy when it comes to domestic matters. Of course someone as privileged as Bidisha, and let’s face it, hers is a background somewhat steeped in privilege, would be blithely unconscious of the fact that in working class households, at least, men work hard. In my consulting work I do provide services to manufacturing companies, in the course of my career I’ve seen how hard a lot of guys work in factories. While in school, I also had the opportunity to work several hard jobs to pay my way through school.

    Guys work hard. Now I think it’s unfair if both partners work equally hard outside the home, and then one partner works harder inside of the home. But the matter should be examined for its nuances, if a man and woman both work outside of the home, and the man simply expects to be served all night long at home, then clearly something is unjust here.

    Re-contextualizing the discourse into one of hatred however, is disingenuous. Though brilliantly so. To say that a man is a woman hater for an act of insufferable laziness (it’s not difficult to wash dishes or pick up after ourselves gentlemen) is to logically imply that he hates his wife, which is to buff our a lens into a man’s heart. Somewhat uncharitable

    I doubt Bidisha has ever had to a serious job in her life, it’s possible that many men out there beyond the literary circles in which she floats simply put in an equal amount of labor as their spouses do, in highly dangerous and repetitive trauma inducing work 9 hours a day and are too tired to wash dishes.

    I have little sympathy for middle class and upper class guys who may well be too lazy to pick up a share of housework. But this is a small sliver of the populace.

    Bidisha’s parents were university lecturers. Somehow I suspect hers is a life steeped in some degree of privilege that isolates her to some degree from many

    I know very little of her background, but I would also suggest that something in her ethnic background’s appropriate.

    Not to stoop to stereotypes but having met and befriended a few Indian feminists, from somewhat privileged backgrounds, involving dual professional parents, I have come to suspect certain factors in their culture. Perhaps a cultural tendencies within Hindu masculinity, translated into a post-modern Western context, may pre-dispose male partners in a dual professional and established household to really act like insufferably spoiled grown children. I believe that a real thread of misogyny does seem to run through some aspects of Indian culture, and I believe that this may predispose her to look upon what is really, at worse, male laziness and often outside of class circles in which she had the privilege of floating, what may very well be male exhaustion.

    As a bachelor, I admit my perspectives on domestic matters are somewhat abstract. I will offer this, however. I typically come home too mentally exhausted to do a good deal of my own housework in my flat, and really all that I do is intellectual work now.

    When I was younger and working 2 “real” jobs often I would come home both physically and mentally exhausted. I spent a good deal of my 20s cleaning factory ceiling tiles from a 50 foot lift, 3rd shift, and either bagging groceries or serving tables or bussing tables or washing dishes 2nd shift, while attending lectures and classes in the morning and early afternoon. Having left a somewhat spotty university career behind(half conscious due to exhaustion) I spent most of the daytime as an over-worked IT analyst, and part time shifts after work in restaurants bussing tables or serving tables.

    If, in that period, I happened to be married, god forbid, to Bidisha or a woman like her [thankfully an impossibility, though in some ways she is attractive] and she remotely suggested that I was a misogynist for coming home and not lifting a finger after working 40 hours handling computer end users, and 20 hours serving food to absolute ingrates, then my patience would have been sorely tried and I suspect that our ill starred and inauspicious union would have been terminated, likely by me, rather swiftly.

    This is not exceptional, I’ve known many guys working 60-80 hours a week.

    That said, at the time that I was closest to ever being engaged, I was very careful to do the dishes of my intended’s and her parents - being potential in-laws, when guests in their house. This was to honor them, in gratitude. Also my family taught me that, somehow, women appreciate a man’s sincere doing some labor.

    Note that in some cultures this is a bit of a faux pas, doing your potential (or actual) in-law’s dishes. this said, I reflect on the independent’s article on Bidisha’s Italy adventures. Being open to the social norms in a different social context is important. It involves not projecting one’s own crap onto things, but being receptive to what others consider proper.

    This is something Bidisha also should consider, I’ve known women who preferred doing most domestic work for their male partner. These women, strangely, saw this as an act of love and if it was appreciated by their partner they preferred this state. To have insisted on a more “equal” division of labor would have seemed unnatural to these women.

    It is good to be sensitive to human differences.

    Again, sorry for the length. Brevity is not one of my virtues, and I have many vices, may Allah forgive our faults. Kamal S.´s last [type] ..Review- Roxana Shirazi’s The Last Living Slut- Born in Iran- Bred Backstage

  • George Carty

    Africana, how do you define “modesty” though? After all, several of the women which I can remember for making me think “Oh my, isn’t she BEAUTIFUL!!” were wearing hijab (the last one was wearing a sari plus a hijab — probably either a Bengali or an Indian Muslimah).

    Doesn’t this suggest that any kind of femininity is problematic?

  • africana

    @george,

    obviously, as a muslim, i am supportive of islamic norms of female dress.in my comment,however, i was referring to women in general and was suggesting that women avoid those styles which draw attention to those body parts which have been subject to excessive sexualisation and our loaded with meaning in this society. attraction is natural and not something that can be eliminated by dress.

  • africana

    “Once harrassed, now left alone :)

    Reading all these stories has made me feel all angry. Brings back memories of hollering at/touching me.

    Being so fed up of being treated so inhumanely, I decided to don the headscarf and long loose dress that is prescribed for muslim women.

    Contrary to people believing that dressing like this is oppressive and forced on us, this type of loose dressing and cover actually liberates a women so that I can go about my daily business and do not even get bothered by men anymore. It’s like I’m no longer on their radar, they just dismiss me- it’s bloody fantastic!”

    I feel safer and a lot more comfortable in male orientated areas or on the street.”

    http://www.hollabackldn.com/

  • http://www.blogistan.co.uk/blog/ Indigo Jo

    Aicha: is that the experience of the hijabis you know in the UK? A lot of women say sexual harassment is common in many Muslim countries and even niqabis get it nowadays.

  • africana

    i just thought i’d include that quuote as part of the discussion.

    i would say that, in conversations with muslim women, one of the things that i’ve never really heard discussed in the same way as say religious or racial harrassment,is that of the overt cat-calling variety. that is not to say that sexual discrimination does not occur, for it surely does.

    but yes, i have heard that harrassment isa huyge problem in some muslim countries, but india (where it’s called eve teasing), non-muslsim africa and the historically christian southern mediterranean have their problems, also.

    it’s a global problem.

  • Safiyyah

    Salaams:

    I am in my 60s (white) and we use “girl” language all the time.

    I also work in a women’s prison and we are not allowed to refer to the inmates as “girls.” It is considered offensive. We call them “ladies.” lol Safiyyah´s last [type] ..how to get free Qurans to burn on Burn Quran Day

  • http://www.blogistan.co.uk/blog/ Indigo Jo

    Salaams Safiyyah,

    I can understand why calling female prisoners girls would be seen as inappropriate - there’s a clear power dynamic and possible racial connotations. But outside, it’s pretty normal.

  • africana

    i changed my name back to aicha..the comment didn’t come through so i’ll just copy and paste what i wrote before..

    salams,

    i have a friend who is a muslim chaplain at a women’s prison in the north of england. she told me that the prisoners where she is based referred to her,and i would suppose all other staff/volunteers as “miss.” which,in the uk at least is a slightly old fashioned term, still in use, employed by british school children when speaking to their female teachers.

    i think that the word in itself is not the problem but the way in which it is said and the accompanying body language.

    alot of older english people use the term “coloured” when referring to non-whites. it’s not considered a very pc expression these days but to many of the people who do use it do so thinking it to be a polite term..and infact at one point it was considered the preferred polite term.

    the same goes for other racial terms. as a a youngster i used to boil with rage to hear of people talking about the “p*ki shop” but i;ve since realised that inappropriate as the term is, it wasn’t really done with malice. it’s use in working class white communities was more a way to distinguish one neighbour from another.. but it’s obvious use by those on the far right tarred misguded and insular, though largely well intentioned people as being racist.

  • http://madandloud.com Maryam

    I think some women are becoming hypocrites when it comes to terms of endearment and that of insult. The two are becoming so intertwined nowadays that it is silly. An example:

    I was sat with a friend and her family are non muslim. The mother and her best friend kept calling each other btch ans sluts etc. There must have been a shocked look on my face because they reassured me that between them, it was a joke and “meant in a nice way”. Less than a week after that visit, I found out that the best friend had had an argument with her son (who is in his twenties) and he had used the same kind of words to his mother. She was horrified and disgusted with him for it.

    I thought on it after hearing the news. What made it ok, for her to allow her friend to call her those names (even in front of her own children), but not for her son?

    What type of message was she giving out?

    Terms like “babes”, “darling” etc tend to be said with affection behind them but ” b*tch”? I don’t care who uses it with a smile plastered on their face, that is insulting.

    There are titles (like those mentioned above) which show a person’s status or authority, but I cannot think of one that can be used inter changeably in that same manner to insult/ compliment someone of authority. Maryam´s last [type] ..A Muslim Woman In Britain

  • http://madandloud.com Maryam

    Sorry, sentence should read:

    family WHO are…. Maryam´s last [type] ..A Muslim Woman In Britain

  • africana

    salam alaikum,

    yes, i think the use of b*tch” in a different way started as a self appelation that women used to put on bumper stickers and key fobs..it’s a recent thing though women calling each other by these terms. probably big brother or something like it started it off, i wouln’t wonder…